Pelvic Organ Prolapse Specialist

What happens during pelvic organ prolapse?

The strain of vaginal childbirth is most often linked to pelvic organ prolapse, when the muscles supporting the pelvic organs become weakened and stretched. It can be worsened by obesity, a prolonged cough, constipation, or even pelvic tumors. If the pelvic muscles are no longer able to support the pelvic organs in their proper position, they slip, or prolapse. The most common organs involved in pelvic organ prolapse include:

• the bladder (the most common prolapse, also called a cystocele)
• the uterus
• the urethra
• the vagina
• the small bowel
• the rectum

Pelvic organ prolapse isn't usually a major health problem, but it can be painful. Occasionally, a prolapse will heal on its own over time.

When should I call the doctor if I suspect pelvic organ prolapse?

If you notice any of the following, make an appointment with your doctor:

• Bulging inside or outside the vagina
• Pulling or pelvic pressure that goes away when you lie down
• Painful intercourse
• Vaginal spotting or bleeding
• Urinary incontinence
• Trouble passing a bowel movement

A gynecologist is your best source of medical care if you suspect pelvic organ prolapse.

How is pelvic organ prolapse treated?

In many cases, when symptoms are mild and do not interfere with daily activities, women can reduce their symptoms with nonsurgical treatments, such as targeted exercises, lifestyle changes, or use of a pessary, which helps support the pelvic organs. However, in the case of more severe symptoms, such as incontinence, painful intercourse, or severe pain and pressure, surgery may be required to correct the prolapse.

Surgical treatment for pelvic organ prolapse may include:

• Repair of the tissues and muscles that support the prolapse organ
• Vaginal wall surgery
• Removal of the uterus (hysterectomy), most often performed when it is causing prolapse of the vagina and other organs

You can prevent or minimize symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse by performing Kegel exercises to strengthen the pelvic muscles, preventing constipation, avoiding heavy lifting, and maintaining a healthy body composition.